Preserve The term preserve is often used as an umbrella for all sorts of preserved fruit spreads.
Sometimes the term refers to preserved whole fruit or fruit cut into large uniform sized pieces.
Jam consists of fruit that’s crushed or chopped and cooked with sugar (plus pectin and an acid) and it thickens to a spreadable consistency.
Jelly The difference between jam and jelly is that jelly is see through and the fruit pulp is strained out.
Conserves usually have different fruits mixed together or include nuts.
Compote can be made with fresh or dried fruit (whole or cut into pieces) that’s slowly cooked in a sugar syrup, sometimes with liquor and spices. Compote can be either sweet or savory.
Marmalade is a soft jelly that contains pieces of fruit rind (usually citrus) or zest. They have a sweet and sour flavor.